Saturday, 14 April 2007
Indonesia Society have been long enough recognized and exploit the garlic ( Allium Sativum) in its life, because garlic have ordinary exploited by as ripe flavour and substance medicines As ripe flavour, garlic used by consumer something used as flavoring in everyday cookery menu. While upon which medicinize the, garlic have the chemical compound content which can function as antibiotic and lessen the high blood pressure risk.
At decade 80-an garlic have become the pre-eminent commodity in some sentra produce, as in provinsi Nusa of West South-East, North Sumatra, Central Java And West Java. The Moment at compatible location by agroekosistem, farmer very interested to plant the garlic of because having high economic value and there no rival from import, so that become the beneficial choice agrobussiness and become the earnings pledge। Beside that garlic produce from assumed to by certain area have the special khasiat drug, as does single garlic from NTB, what finally give the special price for its producer ।
Garlic requirement for big enough society in Indonesia and increasing। According to data Susenas 2003, consumption per capita garlic of Indonesia resident reach 1,13 singk / year so that requirement of national garlic of per year reach about 250 thousand ton, and its amount tend to increase because accretion of resident or use manner which is more and more। Its irony produce our garlic unable to fulfill the the request, even mount the production and areal plant to tend to last downhill for a number of years this। Produce the Indonesia garlic in the year 2006 only 20,78 thousand ton by areal plant for the width of 3284 Ha, as circumstance picture produce and areal plant three visible the last year at tables in the following।
Circumstance Produce and Wide Harvest Garlic
Production- Wide Harvest ! Circumstance !
Production- Wide Harvest ! Circumstance !
---------------------------! 2004 ! 2005 ! 2006
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Produce ( Ton) ! 28।851 ! 20।733 ! 20।780
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Harvest ( Ha) ! 4।930 ! 3।280 ! 3।284
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* Number Prognosa
With the existence of gap ( very high difference) between requirement and produce, causing the happening of depending very high at garlic import to fulfill domestic consumer request। From existing data, import the garlic in the year 2006 equal to 295 thousand ton with the value of about 103 million US$, compared to yrs. previously volume and assess the import show the tendency increasing. This picture is very leaving for of back with the circumstance export which same in the year only reach 20,4 ton with the value of about 12 thousand US$. Data export the garlic import of at year period 2004 - 2006 visible at Tables of following.
With the existence of gap ( very high difference) between requirement and produce, causing the happening of depending very high at garlic import to fulfill domestic consumer request। From existing data, import the garlic in the year 2006 equal to 295 thousand ton with the value of about 103 million US$, compared to yrs. previously volume and assess the import show the tendency increasing. This picture is very leaving for of back with the circumstance export which same in the year only reach 20,4 ton with the value of about 12 thousand US$. Data export the garlic import of at year period 2004 - 2006 visible at Tables of following.
* Number Prognosa
Garlic Tragedy happened by since goning into effect of low tariff ( only 5 %) to garlic import in the year 1996, more hard again gone into effectly of AFTA year 2000 and agreement of ASEAN-CHINA year 2005 hence to garlic shall no longger be imposed by the tariff import. Something else, in reality import the garlic can be conducted freely by all importer without using standard reference of quality of so that quality of import garlic commercialized in country very immeasurable, but in general its price is cheaper with the better and performan quality. Import the garlic predominated by चाइना.
Garlic Tragedy happened by since goning into effect of low tariff ( only 5 %) to garlic import in the year 1996, more hard again gone into effectly of AFTA year 2000 and agreement of ASEAN-CHINA year 2005 hence to garlic shall no longger be imposed by the tariff import. Something else, in reality import the garlic can be conducted freely by all importer without using standard reference of quality of so that quality of import garlic commercialized in country very immeasurable, but in general its price is cheaper with the better and performan quality. Import the garlic predominated by चाइना.
With the existence of the policy and condition, garlic of domestic product become gone to the wall and fail to compete the, after too long farmer again to conduct effort in this commodity area. In this time sentra produce the biggest garlic only there are in provinsi of North Sumatra of about 33% from national production ( including regency of Simalungun and Samosir), and other production area is provinsi Central Java ( Regency Wonosobo) equal to 18% and East Java ( Town Petrify) about 15%. Its irony is circumstance the produce, areal plant and also of farmer enthusiasm for the agrobussiness of this tend is downhill.In year 2005 equal to 274,3 thousand ton or 96,8 % from import of other;dissimilar white garlic, for a while state is Thailand, and Taiwan but only about 1 %. So far in international trade policy, garlic assessed by as commodity which is not strategic so that is not given by a special arrangement in its commerce
Problems And Resistance
In general problems faced in local agrobussiness garlic is weak or low product competitiveness, because productivity, mount the efficiency of is effort, quality and low performan product, causing our garlic fail to compete in cage by xself। Some specific problems pursuing growth of agrobussiness garlic for example is:
1।policy of Degradation tariff import, causing its price is much more is cheap compared to by a local garlic, furthermore impact, farmer enthusiasm to plant the downhill garlic progressively because do not profit.
2।Land;Ground condition exploited continuously without crop giration make the land;ground become impecunious and saturated of hara so that mount the fertility and produktiivitas become to lower.
3.limitation of technological domination and Capital of looking after go forward by farmer cause to more and more to degrade wide plant the, productivity and quality
use of Seed untrue ( do not is certifiable) than result select the farmer by xself so that its productivity lower
use of Seed untrue ( do not is certifiable) than result select the farmer by xself so that its productivity lower
4.The happening of attack of various organism of intruder crop
Strive Handling।
Some is executed effort, potency stocktaking produce in some sentra, co-ordinate to usher the institution to develop to return the local garlic, and identify the market potency ( especially industrial party). For a while strive other;dissimilar is powered of Association of Entrepreneur of Indonesia Garlic to invite the investor in agrobussiness garlic of at potential sentra-sentra. Construction to farmer in improving looking after technology and produce non-stoped to be emboldened so that they able to improve the productivity and efficiency of effort productively product with quality.
In line with that, require to be gone into effect by a standard applying of quality of garlic, so that product circulating in marketing really as according to specified standard, thereby will be able to vie with the product import। Standard of quality of garlic in fact have been specified by as Standard of Indonesia National ( SNI) Number 01-3160-1992 in the year 1992, but still not yet full applied by because system for the application of SNI is obliged to not yet been specified. Beside that is also considered necessary to conduct the the completion SNI, following requirement and growth, so that its applying is really effective.
In era of liberalisasi commerce these days, portal of other;dissimilar which can be used in barricading import of passing approach of non tarrif barrier ( NTB) is by applying conditions SPS ( Sanitary And Phytosanitary) to product import the shallot। However same thing also have to be consistent applied at domestic product, so that do not get the challenge from other state, its meaning is we here also have to able to improve the quality produce the local garlic.
In principle of handling of agrobussiness garlic must be done systematically and inwrought, usher and inter institution, area and perpetrator of effort। By simultan, its development is conducted by passing technical construction and management to aspect produce the, handling harvest and pasca harvest and also marketing of result. Thereby hence its development not merely conducted by Agriculture Department, but relevant also with the other;dissimilar institution like BSN, Departmental of Commerce, Treasury Department, etc. farmer Involvement, farmer group, association and perpetrator of effort also vital importance in this handling agrobussiness garlic.
Last Ending ( Thursday, 26 July 2007 )
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